Python: Linux的Shell命令

import os

# 执行命令
exit_code = os.system('echo "Hello World"')

# 检查返回值
if exit_code == 0:
    print("命令执行成功")
else:
    print(f"命令执行失败: {exit_code}")

import os

# 执行命令并获取输出
with os.popen('ls -l') as p:
    output = p.read()
    print(output)

# 逐行读取输出
with os.popen('ls -l') as p:
    for line in p:
        print(line.strip())

import commands

# 获取状态和输出
status, output = commands.getstatusoutput('ls -l')
print(f"状态: {status}")
print(f"输出: {output}")

# 只获取输出
output = commands.getoutput('ls -l')
print(output)

# 获取命令状态
status = commands.getstatus('ls -l')
print(status)

import subprocess

# 使用 call
exit_code = subprocess.call(['ls', '-l'])
print(f"退出码: {exit_code}")

# 使用 run (推荐)
result = subprocess.run(['ls', '-l'], 
                       capture_output=True,
                       text=True)

# 检查结果
if result.returncode == 0:
    print("输出:", result.stdout)
else:
    print("错误:", result.stderr)

# 实时获取输出
process = subprocess.Popen(
    'tail -f /var/log/syslog',
    shell=True,
    stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
    stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
    universal_newlines=True
)

# 读取输出
while True:
    output = process.stdout.readline()
    if output == '' and process.poll() is not None:
        break
    if output:
        print(output.strip())

# 等待进程结束
rc = process.poll()

import asyncio

async def run_command(cmd):
    proc = await asyncio.create_subprocess_shell(
        cmd,
        stdout=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE,
        stderr=asyncio.subprocess.PIPE)

    stdout, stderr = await proc.communicate()
    return stdout, stderr

async def main():
    stdout, stderr = await run_command('ls -l')
    print(stdout.decode())